난소 기형종은 수술해야 할까요?

난소의 기형낭종은 난소에서 발생하는 종양한 가장 흔한 형태중 하나로 11-20%를 차지하고 있습니다. 성숙기형낭종(mature cystic teratoma)의 80%는 가임기 여성들에서 발생하며, 40세 이하 여성들에서 발생하는 난소 종양 중 62%를 차지하는 것으로 보고되고 있습니다. 난소의 성숙기형낭종은 양성종양이긴 하지만 전체의 1-2%에서 악성변환이 발생하며, 이중 편평상피세포암이 가장 흔한 것으로 알려져 있습니다.

또한 임신중에 발견된 성숙기형낭종의 경우 바로 제거를 해야하는지 여부에 대해 논란이 많은데, 6cm 이상이면 제거하는 것이 좋은 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 임신중에는 거대 낭종에 의한 난소염전이나 낭종 파열로 심한 화학적 복막염을 일으킬 수 있기 때문입니다. 임신중에도 복강경을 이용해서 쉽게 제거가 가능하므로 임신1삼분기를 지난 시점에서 바로 수술하는 것이 권고되고 있습니다.

난소의 기형종은 반드시 수술로 제거해 주어야 합니다. 다른 어떤 치료도 의미가 없습니다!!

Dermoid cyst

A dermoid cyst is a cystic teratoma that contains developmentally mature skin complete with hair follicles and sweat glands, sometimes luxuriant clumps of long hair, and often pockets of sebum, blood, fat, bone, nails, teeth, eyes, cartilage, and thyroid tissue. Because it contains mature tissue, a dermoid cyst is almost always benign. The rare malignant dermoid cyst usually develops squamous cell carcinoma in adults; in babies and children it usually develops endodermal sinus tumor.
Some authors use the term dermoid cyst as a frank synonym for teratoma, meaning any teratoma, regardless of its histology or location. Others use it to mean any mature, cystic teratoma. These uses appear to be most common in gynecology and dermatology.


Location

A dermoid cyst can occur wherever a teratoma can occur.

Periorbital dermoid cysts

Dermoid cysts can appear in young children, often near the lateral aspect of the eyebrow (right part of the right eyebrow or left part of the left eyebrow). It often has a rubbery feel. These are sometimes watched and sometimes excised. An inflammatory reaction can occur if the dermoid cyst is disrupted.
Dermoid cysts can recur if not completely excised. Sometimes, complete excision is not practical if in a dumbbell configuration where the cyst extends through a suture line in the skull.
If the dermoid cysts appear on the medial aspect, the possibility of an encephalocele becomes greater and should be considered among the differential diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for dermoid cyst is complete surgical removal, preferably in one piece and without any spillage of cyst contents. Marsupialization, a surgical technique often used to treat pilonidal cyst, is inappropriate for dermoid cyst due to the risk of malignancy.
The association of dermoid cysts with pregnancy has been increasingly reported. They usually present the dilemma of weighing the risks of surgery and anesthesia versus the risks of untreated adnexal mass. Most references state that it is more feasible to treat bilateral dermoid cysts of the ovaries discovered during pregnancy if they grow beyond 6 cm in diameter. This is usually performed through laparotomy or very carefully through laparoscopy and should preferably be done in the second trimester.^[1]

Differential diagnosis

A small dermoid cyst on the head (skull sutures, and midline: sinus, nose, palate, tongue, under the tongue, etc.) or the coccyx can be difficult to distinguish from a pilonidal cyst. This is partly because both can be full of hair. A pilonidal cyst is a pilonidal sinus that is obstructed. Any teratoma near the body surface may develop a sinus or a fistula, or even a cluster of these. Such is the case of Canadian Football League linebacker Tyrone Jones, whose teratoma was discovered when he blew a tooth out of his nose.^[2]
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermoid_cyst